Health and saftey concerns

Health and safety concerns 

One major health and safety concern of using a camera is water damage especially when using electrical cables that are either attached to a camera or when charging the cameras battery. Water can be a serious hazard for electrical equipment as it can cause an electrical shock if someone comes into contact with the damaged equipment as it will send an electrical current into the persons body and may cause serious harm. A way that this can be avoided when using cameras or lighting equipment is making sure that none of the electrical wires are exposed and are protected by an outer layer of plastic that is undamaged with no cuts or anything that could expose the wires in anyway. Another way that this can be avoided if you are aware of a water spillage is by turning of the power and moving camera and lighting equipment to try and reduce any water damage that may occur.

Another health and safety concern that can occur when using camera to record things such as tracking shots or a moving person is making sure that the floor/path being used is clear of any objects that may cause obstruction that may cause a person to trip. This was one of the concerns when making our own short of 'Behind the door' for both version 1 and 2 as both involve someone walking down a dark corridor. We had to make sure that there was no objects blocking the persons path which meant that we had to remove stray bits of paper on the floor that the person could have slipped on and made sure that they wasn't causing an obstruction.








Lighting equipment may also be a big part of health and safety concerns because the wires may cause a trip hazard or the lights themselves may become too hot and may overheat the subject that is being filmed. When using lighting equipment that needs to be plugged into a power source a wire or multiple wires can be used and if not safely secured can cause a trip hazard therefore securing the wires will reduce the risk of injury to a person and will allow things to operate more effectively.  Also making sure that the lighting doesn't get to hot is a big part in looking after the health of the subject being filmed as they may also become overheated which may cause them to feel discomfort and may even feel dehydrated. In order to avoid this lights must be turned off when not being used and make sure that there are refreshments available to all who may be involved. Lighting equipment can overheat regardless of whether they need a power source or if they are used as portable lighting so it is essential that they are looked after and cared for properly.



Fire hazards are also a major concern when it comes to health and safety as it is a hazard for everywhere not just within media productions, because of this numerous plans must be put in place in case of a fire. One plan that can be put in place in order to protect peoples heath and safety is by having  fire extinguisher near by / within the room so that a fire can easily be put out if needed. Along with this clearly marked fire exists must be put in place for people to easily evacuate the building if needed.

Research

• Film Sourcing (2018) (online) available from https://www.filmsourcing.com (Accessed 1st November 2018) - https://www.filmsourcing.com/filmmaking-health-safety-keeping-your-cast-and-crew-safe/
• Open Channel (October 2005) (online) available from http://www.openchannel.org.au/ (accessed 5th November 2018) http://www.openchannel.org.au/safety-checklist-for-film-and-television/
• The phoblographer (1st April 2018) (online) avaliable from https://www.thephoblographer.com (accessed 5th November 2018) https://www.thephoblographer.com/2011/04/01/the-phoblographers-checklist-on-how-to-not-kill-yourself-in-a-photo-studio/

New wave film

New wave film brief

In our new wave film we have decided to try and incorporate the knowledge of both Hong Kong and French new wave films to demonstrate that we have a deeper understanding of a wide range of new wave texts.  We will be taking inspiration from the French film ‘Breathless’, the Hong Kong film ‘Chungking Express’ and maybe some inspiration from Easy Rider for our editing.

One of the technical conventions we will be using from the French new wave is ambient lighting, this is because it will be easy for us to recreate and will allow us to make our own new wave film look as realistic as possible and add a sense of verisimilitude. We will also use lighting to help us play around with black and white colour and normal colour to show a contrast in the mood of the two characters within the mise-en-scene.

We will also try to use double framing within the mise-en-scene as this is a common convention in Hong Kong new wave films particularly in the film ‘In the Mood for Love’, we will do this as it has connotations of isolation and entrapment. We will try to recreate this using object such as doors and windows to further enforce the entrapment.

Another way we will take inspiration from the new wave films is by using liberation of the camera from the tripod as apart of the technical conventions, we will us all hand held shots in order to convey a sense of realism as many new wave films often aim to do this as they want to break away from conventional film making and create a realistic narrative.

We will also try to use two character archetypes of a happy, upbeat, positive character and another of a sad, isolated, cynical character to show a contrast in the way people view love as love is a common narrative theme in both Hong Kong and French new wave films and how it affects people differently. We will also be adding text to the shot in the editing process to show the characters internal dialogue. We will use jump cuts for the happy character to represent the excitement that love brings to them and a wide angle shot to give the connotations of the isolation love can bring to the other sad character.

For the soundtrack we will use a mixture of both diegetic and non diegetic sounds in particular the song ‘ New York herald tribune’ from the film ‘Breathless’ and keep cutting between diegetic and non diegetic sound as this is a common convention in the French new wave.

Planning.

I have decided to shoot any bits of film needed for my own new wave film on just a camera and no other equipment as majority of new wave films are recorded purely on a handheld camera  in order for the text to be both experimental and convey a sense of verisimilitude which I will attempt to recreate. I will also do this as it can allow me to be true to the new wave conventions instead of going along with the rules of traditional film making. This will also allow me to create an effective postmodern text.

As well as only using a handheld camera I have chosen to only use small quotations instead of using a full scrip which I will attempt to add by translating the quotes into Chinese to be as authentic of Hong Kong new wave cinema as possible. I will also attempt to add these quotations by recording either the voice of siri or the voice of Google translate in order to create my own version of a postmodern text of a Hong Kong new wave film.

 Some of the quotations I will attempt to use are;

• "Embrace the void and have the courage to exist" 
• "We were strangers when we met and we were strangers when you left"
• "Time is running out, time is expiring" 
• "Why must thing end, why must things expire?"
• "The city feels like a dark blur in the underbelly"
• "I no longer walk with you but I'm always reminded of the past" 

I have decided to try and use quotations such as these as many of the narrative themes in the Hong Kong new wave revolve around meeting strangers, time, specifically time expiring and of characters constantly being reminded of the past. 

Some of the shots I plan to get while filming are ones such as close up of clocks in order to signify the importance of time withing Hong Kong new wave films and for the audience to decode that there is a sense of time running out. I also plan to add long shots of people walking through a city / town as this is a common setting within the cinematography of Hong Kong new wave films. One of the final shots I plan to get is a point of view shot of someone walking in order for the audience to gain the gratification of personal identity as they can feel as though they are apart of the text itself.

Lastly for the soundtrack I would like to have diegetic sounds of the city such as cars, transport and other sounds often associated with the city to allow for the audience to gain the gratification of entertainment as well as gaining a sense of verisimilitude. As well as this I plan to add non diegetic drum sounds as this is a common occurrence in the soundtracks of Wong Kar Wai's films in particularly the film Fallen Angels 1995.

 
I also researched the weather for Coventry, where we was filming in order to plan on appropriate clothes to wear as well as equipment needed in order to protect the camera from damage such as water damage, like covering it with a plastic bag when it was raining, which it did throughout the day.  

New wave film - City Waves


Evaluation of new wave film (Strengths, weaknesses, camera and lighting).

One strength of my new wave film the use of technical conventions I managed to use in my own text in particular the wide range of shot types I was able to recreate. I managed to get a bird eye view in order to add an establishing shot, long shots of people walking in the city, close ups of someones feet walking and multiple dutch angels particularly when showing a clock. This is a strength as it allows the audience to get more involved in the films as they can get a wider feel as to where the film is set and therefore gain the gratification of entertainment. Another reason that this is a strength is because it allowed me to show demonstrate my knowledge of shot types and also meant that i could demonstrate how to use certain shot types. I think that the most successful shot type however were the various dutch angles I managed to capture. A reason that I think that these shot are most successful is because they are commonly used in Wong Kar Wai's work in order to connote the feeling of disorientation people feel in the city and the audience can also decode this in my own postmodern adaptation.

Another strength of of my new wave film is the use of lighting I managed to get which consisted of both high and low key lighting. I used a range of high and low key lighting as this was used as part of the mise-en-scene in Wong Kar Wais Chungking Express. By using these lighting style I was able to encode different feelings into the film such as high key lighting when a mid shot is shown of a painting of Wonder Woman saying 'She can do it' allowing me to encode a positive powerful feel to the shot. Later on I used low key lighting when Showing an isolated section of Coventry city which allowed me to encode a hopelessness feel to my film and even a bad mood of which the people of Hong Kong felt leading to the handover.

However a weakness of my film is the extremely fast paced editing during the middle of the train journey and the pumpkin due to the fact that it may be little too fast. Although many films in the Hong Kong new wave use fast paced editing my own may be too much that could disorientate the viewer meaning that they may struggle to gain the gratification of entertainment. If I was to recreate this I would slow down parts of the editing to allow for the film to flow more smoothly allowing the audience to not be as confused by the film and understand what is happening within in.

Another weakness of the film is that I was unable to recreate the double framing which is a iconic part of In the Mood for Love's cinematography. This was a weakness as it meant that I was unable to encode the feeling of isolation an entrapment within the film which is often a common narrative theme in the Hong Kong new wave. If I was to recreate this I would try and make better use of doors and windows in the mise-en-scene to further encode the feeling of being trapped.

A final strength of my new wave film is that I was able to show a range of depth of field from shallow to deep. I was able to do this by adjusting the aperture and F scale. By changing the aperture to being low with a low f scale allowed for a shallow depth of field when showing a close up of the pumpkins hat. By making the aperture higher I was able to capture a deep depth of field particularly when walking through the city and long shots of others walking in the city. This was a strength as it allowed me to demonstrate a deeper understanding of camera techniques.

4 hour film challenge, Behind the Door version 2, Horror

4 Hour film challenge, Horror 

Behind the door version 2 
For this challenge we decided to build upon last weeks feedback and created a different ending to our previous film challenge 'behind the door', to do this we decided to make sure that we wouldn't break the 180 degree rule and add more to the narrative so that the audience could gain a larger gratification of entertainment.

                                          
Evaluation.

Building on last week we decided to cut out the first shot of the character looking into the first empty room and re do this shot so that the audience can easily follow the scene without feeling disorientated, we did this by still following the match on action of the character looking into the room without breaking the 180 degree rule which worked to our advantage. An advantage of this is that we were easily able to recreate the lighting in the previous short film so that the shot has continuity.
Another advantage of re doing this is that we could add a wide range of shot types for instance the long shot of the word 'HELP' in the wardrobe, the close up of the character entering the room and the long shot of the ghoul along with all the of the reaction shots. This is an advantage as it allows the audience to easily follow the story and understand whats happening within the scene.

However the biggest disadvantage is the fact the character suddenly changes clothes this is due to filming on different days and being unaware of the fact we were going to re do the final shots of the scene, if we was going to do this again we would have a discussion prior to filming to make sure there is continuity in the clothing of the character in order to not confuse the audience.

Another thing that could be re done is at the very end instead of cutting to black with a scream we could have added more within the mise-en-scene to add more of a horror scary effect to further enforce the fact that this short was supposed to conform to horror conventions. This would have improved our film as we could have had more of an experiment with lighting etc to improve our skills and further show our knowledge of camera and lighting.

4 hour film challenge, Behind the Door, Match on action

4 Hour film challenge - Doors, Match on action

Plan.

• Walking through doors to end of corridor 
• Opening doors
• Ambient sound
• Horror conventions 
• Camera and tripod

Evaluation.
One strength of our film was that we managed to use a wide range of shots involving, close ups, long shots, mid shots, canted shots and point of view shots, this allowed us to show our knowledge of different shot types while successfully using match on action as each shot followed on exactly from the previous shot so that the whole film blends in a smooth manner to show what was happening in the film. This was successful as the audience can easily follow what the character is doing within the scene.

However a disadvantage of our film comes from when the character is looking into the first empty room and the point of view shot is extremely dark, although we wanted a lot of low key lighting this appears to be too dark and may disorientate the audience that is watching as they may be confused as to what is happening in the mine-en-scene. If we was to do this again we would cut this shot out of the film as it appears to be unneeded as the audience can follow the narrative without it or we would add a point of light to brighten up the scene and see exactly what the character is seeing.

Another strength of our film was the use of lighting, the majority of the film is in low key but we were able to show a contrast of high key and low key when changing to the final room where it is highly lit, this was a strength as we were able to demonstrate our understanding of using light to add to the mood of the scene for instance the low key lighting adds to the mood of fear of the unknown and has the connotation of danger.

4 hour film challenge unusual perspective

4 Hour film challenge.
Unusual perspective.

Plan.

When starting to plan our 4 hour film challenge we started to think of things from different viewpoints, which is where we came up with the idea that there may be a prisoner trapped inside or a ghost who cannot leave, from this we decided to have all shots looking out of a window into a reality of which the person cannot experience. We also decided to split our time equally and use 2 hours filming and two hours editing so that we could edit effectively and not have it look rushed or unfinished. We also needed enough time to edit as parts of it got complex therefore an effective use of time was needed in order to get the fast paced editing in the end.

When making our shots we decided to use a range of high key and low key lighting to add contrast to the film as well as old fashioned music that was slightly poor quality to add a nostalgic feel to it as well as emphasising the poor quality of life that the 'person' may be experiencing. We chose to use a contrast in order to get the audience to question if the entrapment that the 'person' is a bad thing or a good thing emphasised by the use of low-key and high key lighting.

Final edit.



Evaluation.

One thing that could have further enforced the idea that the 'person' was trapped was by using a larger range of shots instead of just looking out of a window, for instance we could have used a close up of a hand resting on the window or a fist hitting the window trying to get out and being unsuccessful. As well as this the very end shot could have had another silhouette standing at the window to even more emphasise the fact that the 'person' is trapped and unable to escape their prison.

Another thing that could have improved the film was by using diegetic sound instead of only non diegetic sound which was only nostalgic music. We could have used knocking on the windows, footsteps or even whispering of what the 'person' is thinking as in monologue to what is happening, what they are thinking and what they are feeling. By using this we could have again emphasised the fact that they are trapped as the audience would get to understand more about the character rather than just what they are feeling.

However a strength of our film was the fact we used a range of lighting involving high key and low key lighting adding different moods to the shots for the audience to decode and try and gain a sense of what the 'person' is feeling. This was also a strength as we got to show our range of skills involving in lighting and how we can use it to create a different feel to each shot.

Another strength of our film is that we were able to demonstrate complex editing skills and even though we encountered technical difficulties like having to rely on the warp stabiliser due to a broken tripod and this not always working we were still able to finish the edit to look effective. We were also able to cut up different shots and even had split second shots to try and give the film a deeper meaning and add an almost 'creepy' feel to it by making audiences question what is happening.

Overall I think that our film is effective by using a range of lighting, camera and editing techniques to get across the idea of the 'person' being entrapped to only look out to the world outside. This also meant that we could use and show a range of skills. However with adding more diegetic audio to the film and a wider range of shots involving props and the movements of the 'person' within the mise-en-scene we could have get the idea of entrapment even more identifiable by the audience watching instead of trying to actively decode the meaning.

Lighting setups

Evidence of different lighting setups 

Studio Lights.
Rembrandt.



The Rembrandt lighting has been inspired by a Dutch painter born in 1606. His style of painting often left a triangle of lighting under the subjects eye. This type of lighting has been adapted as Hollywood grew as it was often used on Hollywood actors and actresses as it is a good technique due to the fact it is "simple, effective lighting setup that is flattering to a wide variety of subjects and is easy to master quickly" . When creating this on my own I used the lighting set up demonstrated below and has a slight triangle under the subjects eye however it didn't turn out as prominent as originally expected so if I was to do this again I would make sure that the light was a more of a 45 degree angle and possibly use a  reflector in order to get the light correctly under the subjects eye. 













Butterfly Lighting.


Butterfly lighting is a lighting technique where it adds shadows underneath the subjects face most notably the shadow under the nose which often resembles a butterfly. This shadow is created by using a key light directly in front the subjects face and slightly above pointing down in order to create the shadow effect. Similarly to Rembrandt lighting this style was also often used on Hollywood actors and Actresses in particularly in the Paramount Movie Studios of old Hollywood. I feel that my first try in creating this style of lighting is effective as it clearly defines the shadows under the subjects facial features with emphasis under the subjects nose. However if I was to recreate this shot I would try and make sure that the lighting wasn't as low key as it was and try to make it more high key. 

Edge Lighting.


Split lighting is created by using one light source which is placed 90 degrees to the subjects face in order to illuminate one side of the face and cast a shadow on the other side often in complete darkness. This style of lighting is 'used a lot in film noir cinematography' as it can be used to suggest the characters battle of moral ambiguity and show the binary opposition of good vs evil within the character as they may be doing bad things for a good reason. I feel that my demonstration of edge lighting is effective as it add dramatic effect while showing a clear divide between light and shadow on the subjects face, however if I was to recreate this I would attempt to find edge lighting in a natural set up to experiment with all the ways this style of lighting can be created. 











Low key lighting.

Low key lighting is often a big part of the technical conventions in genres like Horror or Film Noir this is because it often gives connotations of mystery or fear or the unknown. Low key lighting occurs when there is only 1 light source and casts shadows withing the mise-en-scene. When experimenting with low key lighting I found a dark corridor and used a torch propped up on a chair in order to cast a shadow. I got the subject to just walk past the camera and in the low key lighting they almost looked like a silhouette with a shadow casted on the wall as they walked past. I feel that this experiment with the low key lighting is effective as you can see the detail in the shot but the light is dark enough to not have everything in the scene be illuminated. However when looking at the health and saftey of low key lighting I would have to make sure that there is nothing blocking the subjects path that would cause the to trip and make sure that they can see well enough to know where they are walking

High key Lighting. 

High key lighting is used to illuminate the scene evenly and reduces the amount of shadows produced in order to give the connotations of feeling positive and gives the opposite effect of low key lighting. High key lighting means that multiple subjects in the frame are all evenly lighted insreda of falling victium to shaodows. When experimenting with high key lighting I chose to shot outside when it was fairly sunny so that the shot wouldbe fully illuminated. One problem with this is that I didnt use any other light source and primarily relied on ambient lighting to light up the shot meaning that some shadows could be caused. However when looking at my shot minimal shadows are used and the small ones created work effectively at giving the shot a greater sense of verisimilitude. 



Experimental lighting 1.

When first experimenting with lighting I used a portable area 48 Led light to help create the dramatic effect of the shadow behind the subject in a low key light while also illuminating the subjects face. I placed the light to the right of the subjects face around 45 degrees in order to get the effect that was created. I feel like my first experiment with light was effective as it illuminated the features of the subjects face without over lighting the background to keep it dark and dramatic.  When looking at health and safety I had to make sure that the light didn't get overheated so that is didn't trip out and stop working, I also had to make sure that the subject didn't get overheated 




Experimental lighting 2.


When creating my second experimental lighting I used the same area 48 LED light by increasing the intensity of the light to add more of a high key lighting effect, while doing this I placed a hand near the bottom of the light to cast a slight shadow on the bottom half of the subjects face in order to help highlight the subjects eyes. In terms of health and safety I made sure the the light wasn't too hot for someone to hold their hand in front in order to make sure that they don't get burned, and make sure that the light doesn't overheat and trip out. I would also make sure that the subject is comfortable and isn't overheated.

• 1) Blian Brown (2012), Lighting basics, Cinematography Theory and Practice Image Making for Cinematographers and Directors, Second edition, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1BG UK, 2012, 106
• 2) The Beat (9th Januray 2018) (online) avaliable from https://www.premiumbeat.com (accessed 30th september 2018) https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/high-key-vs-low-key-lighting/

Summer task two.

A) How lighting effects camera techniques for moving image.

The lighting used in a scene can be highly effected by the kind of lighting that gets used in the scene and can be particularly effective for moving image by creating a certain mood for an audience to feel as stated in the second edition of Cinematography Theory and Practice by Blain Brown 2012, which says that "lighting can be used to affect the audiences perception of the scene". A way that an audiences mood can be altered is by the type of lighting used for example low key lighting created by little or no fill light and can be used to create a moody feel to the image, this king of lighting would also effect the camera technique used as it may need a higher aperture to make sure the whole image is in focus, this will also allow for and shadows cast to be clearer and sharper, Or it may need a low aperture to make sure the audience is focusing on what is particularly important in the scene rather than making out whats in the background, for example in the film Inception, low key lighting is used so that the audience is focusing on the characters face and used a low aperture in order to blur out the background so the audience is looking at whats most important in the scene.

Inception 2010 Christopher Nolan, Science Fiction/Thriller.







Another way that lighting effects the camera techniques is by altering the exposure that can be seen in an image as "the screen itself should be lit as evenly as possible", for example if using ambient lighting the exposure in the image can vary depending on how the light moves as its effected by natural light meaning that not he whole screen is evenly lit.. When using ambient lighting on a particularly sunny day the aperture and shutter speed may need to be low so that the camera doesn't become overly sensitive to the suns light and make sure that the image doesn't get overly exposed. This lighting extremely effects the camera techniques used in films such as social realism as ambient lighting is the main and in most cases the only way light gets used within the film. In the film Fish Tank the main lighting that gets used is ambient lighting and in the first scene one shot seems to be overexposed due to the changing ambient lighting, and can be seen as the shot appears more white than what it would look like in real life but then gets later corrected to the right exposure .

Fish Tank 2009, Andrea Arnold, Social realsim, slightly over exposed.

Fish Tank 2009, Andrea Arnold, Social realsim, Correct exposure.









1) Blian Brown (2012), Lighting basics, Cinematography Theory and Practice Image Making for Cinematographers and Directors, Second edition, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1BG UK, 2012, 106
2) Mitch Mitchell (2004), Sel-matting processes, Visual Effects for Film & Television, Linacare House, Jordan Hill, Oxford 0X2 8DP, 2004, 174

B) Lighting equipment and setups that would be used in the following scenarios... 

1) A small documentary where portability is paramount

2) 'Talking head' style interview
If the interview is taking place outside then only ambient lighting and a diffuser may be used and if its a particularly sunny day in order to block out shadows and diffuse the light. A pro of this is that the audience may feel as though this is a realistic set up without artificial lighting however a con of this is that the diffuser may not completely block the shadows making the interview look less professional.














If the interview is taking place inside then a 3 point lighting method might be used, this is created by using a key light to highlight and add dimension to the person being interview, then followed by a fill light which can fill in the shadows that may be cast by the key light and lastly followed by the backlight which can separate the person being interviewed from the background behind them. A pro of this is that all shadows will be cast out and the set up will look much more professional however a con of this is that you may need to be wary of the heat given off from the lights and make sure that the subject doesn't get too hot and overheated.












3) A 'Night time shoot'

For a night time shoot reflectors may be used to reflect the light that is avaliable at night to help light up the scene, they are also good for lighting up a night time shoot by correcting the colour given of from the moon, often blue reflectors are used to do this, they can also be used to make sure the light is focused on the subject to show the audience what is most important within the shot. However reflects may not also be available and may not always be available to light up the scene, in some cases white card may be used.













Another way to set up for a nighttime shoot is by using water to light up the scene as it can be used for a good reflector especially in urban areas where is reflects street lights or neon signs, water can create a highly reflective surface and lighten up the scene massively without the use for in some cases rather expensive lights. A pro of this is that water is usually high available and reduces the need to buy bigger lights however a con of this is that water may not be powerful enough to light the whole scene so some other lights may be needed to help solve this issue.

ISO, Aperture, Shutter Speed, Pull Focus, Exposure tringle

The exposure Triangle.

The exposure triangle is made up of ISO, shutter speed and aperture which controls noise/grain, motion blur and depth of field. Instead of only adjusting one of these 3 elements adjusting all of them will help to gain a high quality image that will be more effective to the audience of the shot. Learning to understand the exposure triangle will allow for the capture of an extremely effective image.


Evidence and demonstration of understanding of ISO 

The ISO of the camera effects moving image as it affects the sensitivity that the camera has to the light. When using the camera outdoors I used a lower ISO of 200 so that the camera was not as sensitive to the changing ambient lighting and helped to produce a cleaner image. I have shown this in my clip by using a ISO of 200 and a low aperture of 3.5. I feel that the moving image I caught was effective as the image is clear and the light isn't over exposed. One technical difficulty that I experienced was the image being under exposed at ISO 100 so I adjusted the this to be 200 so the cameras sensitivity to light was a bit higher and the image wasn't under exposed. When the ISO is higher the more sensitive the camera is to the light therefore when indoors with low lighting I used a ISO of 1600 so that the camera would be extremely sensitive to the light. However this ISO may mean that the quality of the image can be reduced due to the high ISO stretching the image and creating noise within the image. But it can be 2 'a good tool to help you capture images in dark environments'. When shooting outside at night I decided to compare ISO 200 and ISO 1600 to show the difference the two make which is very clear when looking at the two shots at the church is clearly seen in ISO 1600 where as ISO 200 is more dimmed and harder to make out the church. If i was to redo this I would compare different ISO's outside as well as inside with low light level and try a variety of background with different light sources at night.

Evidence and demonstrating of understanding of Pull focus.

A pull focus is often used when changing the focus while the shot is being recorded often going from one object or subject to another by adjusting between the two. It is often used in TV and Film to emphasis an element of drama taking place such as in James Bond Casino Royale when the pull focus adjusts from James Bonds face to a smashed glass of wine in the foreground. The focus shifts backwards and forwards. In order to get the pull focus to correctly work the camera needs to have a shallow depth of field, which is controlled by the apperture, so that the camera focuses on one subject only rather than everything that makes up the mise-en-secne. When creating my own pull focus I started with the camera focusing in the foreground on an elephant statue and then being moved to focus in the background on a statue of a girl. I feel that my moving image was effective as you can clearly see the pull focus taking place from shifting from the object in the foreground to the object in the background. One technical difficulty I endured was the ISO of the image being too high making the image look more noisy so I adjusted this to make the image look cleaner. If i was too improve my demonstration of a pull focus I would try it at different angles and lighting to see how it works in different levels of light.


Evidence and demonstration of understanding of Aperture 

Aperture is extremely important to moving image as it allows to add dimension to the image and can also effect the exposure of the image by making it either brighter or darker. Aperture is similar to the human eye by reacting to light levels in the environment and either shrinks or expands to allow for the right amount of light to enter the camera. The larger the aperture the more light entering the camera and the smaller the aperture the less light entering, so the lighter the envisioned the lower aperture is needed and the darker the environment the higher aperture is needed. The aperture also allows for control of the depth of field withing a moving image. When first experimenting with aperture I used a 135 mm lens with an aperture of F2.8 which allowed for a extremely deep depth of field by completely blurring the background, when re doing this I used a 50mm lens looking at a leaf with an aperture of F2.8 which allowed to focus on the ear and again blur out the background. When changing the aperture too F8  when experimenting you can clearly see that the background is more clearer than the first as you can see the camera lens and make out a table and chair behind which was hard to do so in the original at F2.8. When taking another shot of the leafs i decided to use a normal lens with an aperture of F16 so that all of the depth in the image is captured and the background can clearly be seen. If I was to do this again I would try a wider range of lenses and compare all F2.8, F8 and F16 to truly show the depth of field that the aperture can create.

Aperture F2.8 with 135 mm lens. 
 


Aperture F16 with 135 mm lens.



Aperture F 16 Normal lens.


Aperture 2.8 50 mm lens.


Evidence and demonstration of understanding of Shutter Speed 

The shutter speed effects images as it can either add dramatic affect to the image or control the amount of light that enters the camera. The shutter speed is the exact amount of time the shutter is open for which can allow for more or less light to enter the camera, normally the shutter speed is left on 1/50 if no dramatic effect is needed. The shutter speed also controls the amount of motion blur that can be seen in an image the lower the shutter speed the more motion can be seen and the higher the shutter speed the less motion blur can be seen and a more clearer image is produced. However motion blur isn't always bad within moving image as it can represent speed for example when 'taking a shot of a racing car and want to give it a feeling of speed' When experimenting with shutter speed I originally used a panning shot to demonstrate how much motion blur is seen however this didn't completely work properly so I chose to redo the shots involving without the panning shot to fully demonstrate how motion blur occurs and can focus on what exactly is moving instead of moving the camera along with it. I also chose to use water going down a drain instead of moving cars to in order to show how shutter speed affects how the motion of the water is seen.

Shutter speed 1/30

Shutter speed 1\50

Shutter speed 1\250

• 1) Digital Photography school (2018) (online) avaliable from https://digital-photography-school.com (Accessed 1st October 2018) https://digital-photography-school.com/shutter-speed/
• 2) Photography Life (Febuary 2010) (online) avaliable from https://photographylife.com (Accessed 1st Obctober 2018) https://photographylife.com/what-is-iso-in-photography
• 3) Fstoppers (7th June 2015) (online) avaliable from https://fstoppers.com (accesssed 13th November 2018) https://fstoppers.com/education/exposure-triangle-understanding-how-aperture-shutter-speed-and-iso-work-together-72878
• 4) fotosiamo, SLR Lounge, 19th October 2012, How ISO affects your image, (online) available from https://www.slrlounge.com, (Accessed 14th September 2018)
  
• 5) Media college.com, The Focus Pull, (online) available from https://www.mediacollege.com, (Accessed 14th September 2018)