Thursday, March 21, 2019

Bibliography for research methods and music videos

 Bibliography for research methods and music videos

·      McLeod, S. A. (2013). What is validity?. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/validity.html
·          McLeod, S. A. (2018). Questionnaire. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/questionnaires.html(accessed 1st feb 2019) 
·      WikiHow (4th February 2019) (online) available from https://www.wikihow.com(Accessed 5th February 2019)
·     Carol Vernallis (2013) YouTube Music Video, and the New Digital Cinema, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, Page 10 - 
·     Will Straw, Andrew Goodwin, Dancing in the Distraction Factory: Music Television and Popular CultureScreen, Volume 36, Issue 4, Winter 1995


Wednesday, March 20, 2019

Evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of methods / data for production.

Evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of methods / data for production.

One strength of producing an online questionnaire for finding results to influence production is that it can be easily distributed with little cost and reach a wide range of people without having to help them fill it out. This means that it is less time consuming for the researcher. As well at this it’s a strength as it means that any results produced can be easily put into graphical form making it easier to draw conclusions into what the audience wants from a production. By being able to draw easy conclusions from questionnaires means that decisions made for production can be done faster and more efficiently. This is a strength as it means that production can be moved on faster without worrying about situations. 

However a weakness of using questionnaires for production is the fact it doesn’t provide more qualitative results meaning that decisions made for production wont’ be fully informed by the participants opinions therefore meaning that decision making during production won’t have a deeper understanding into why the target audience would like certain things to be shown in a music video. This is why it also good to conduct a focus group in order to get the detailed qualitative date. As well as this not everyone who receives the questionnaire will want to fill it out and participate therefore the results may become biased which may reduce the effectiveness of production as it doesn’t accurately represent what the target audience wanted. 

When looking at focus groups one strength of this is that it provides instant reactions in which the participants can expand upon and explain their points to the researcher straight away which is instantly recorded. This is a strength as the researcher can instantly understand what the participant means without having to spend time analysing the results separately. Anther strength is that it allows the researcher to gain a deeper insight into what the target audience wants from the production allowing later production to reflect these wants and better target the target audience. Focus groups also improve construct validity as the researcher can make sure the discussions stay on track and measure what it is supposed to. 

But some weaknesses of using a focus group to produce date to influence production is that the interviewer can cause an interviewer bias to occur even without meaning it. This can be done by the interviewer using a different tone of voice when asking certain questions and speaking more passionately when discussing their own opinion on the topics. This may cause production to be influenced more by the researcher rather than the participants. Another weakness of using a focus group is that the discussion may go of topic which may cause the interviewer to run out of time and not have a fully informed discussion on the topic meaning that production may not be informed by the deeper feelings of the target audience and rash decisions may be made without appropriate information. 

Improvements for future research investigations.

Improvements for future research investigations. 

If I was to conduct another research investigation I would make sure that when conducting a focus group I would make sure that I have enough time to ask the participants all of the appropriate questions needed to make sure I have enough information from the target audience to make better decisions for my production. By having a longer amount of time to ask questions and having a more detailed discussion I will be able to gain a greater insight into the target audiences opinions, this will also mean that I will be able to make my production appeal to a wider audience. 

Another thing I would improve if I was to conduct another research investigation would be to implement the use of pilot studies. This would mean that I would be able to find out any faults with my studies and improve them before reproducing them on a larger scale. Using pilots studies would also allow me to improve the validity of my studies for example face validity e.g. does the questionnaire measure what it is supposed to? Or to test its effectiveness such as the types of results produced and how they are analysed. Using a pilot study would particularly help to improve my focus group in reducing any problems that may occur. 

I would also make sure that to improve my research investigation I would add more questions that produce qualitative data in my questionnaire in order to gain a higher amount of detail and again gain a greater insight into the wants of my target audience. Although it may take longer for participants to answer and more time to analyse the results I will be able to produce a music video that is more suited to the target audiences needs as well as improving construct validity as it will measure what I initially intended to measure.  I would do this by asking participant why after they answer a question in order to produce both qualitative and quantitate data. 

A final way I would improve any future research investigations is by producing a questionnaire that would be easily distributed to a wider range of people as for the questionnaire I used I only managed to get 15 participants. By getting a wider range of people to participant in my questionnaire I could find more balanced results and help to reduce any type of bias’s that may have occurred. As well as this I would also be able to improve the face validity and predictive validity of my questionnaire. This would also lead to better decision making for my production and all me to create a music video that would appeal to a wider audience rather than just the target audience. 

Focus Group report, findings and evaluation

Focus Group findings / Report. 

Discuss ideas for genre of music for  music video (pop or indie pop) along with genre of music video (narrative, experimental or performance) as well as generating ideas for music video content that are what the ideal target audience of 18-25-year olds would like to see in a music video. 

Participants= Group of 6 aged 18 – 21. 

Report 

Q 1)Which genre of music do you prefer, pop or indie pop? Is there are particular reason

Pp 1) I prefer pop music more as it often has a more engaging rhythm to follow. 

Pp 2 ) Yes but I feel that indie pop is better and it has an edge to it not many songs found in the top 40 have, indie pop is more about the overall sound.

Pp 3 ) Indie pop feels more old school like 80s music which I feel has better quality then the music today. 

Pp 4) But pop music is easier to sing along to at parties ect. I mean everybody knows the lyrics so everyone can enjoy it. 

Pp 5) Mr Brightside is classed as an indie song but everyone knows the lyrics to that and can enjoy it also. 

Pp 2) You see even some of the best songs are indie. 

Pp 6) Plus if you’re focusing on ‘indie pop’  then it has something for everyone, it can be used as a sing along song but also has a more edgy sound that most can appreciate.

Q2) Which genre of music video do you prefer, narrative, experimental or performance and how would you like these set out?

Pp 1) I think experimental would be pretty could as you can try things you’d never normally do before like experimental with colours and stuff like that. 

Pp 3) Yeah plus performance is often over done as it’s so easy its more fun to experiment and push the boundires of normal film making. 

Pp 2) I think sometimes it’s fun to see the artist in the video but not always as a performance. 

Pp 4) I don’t know I like to see a story played out that follows the lyrics. 

Pp 5) Yeah a narrative is nice it’s like following a mini movie to your favourite songs. 
Pp 6) Plus with a narrative you can also turn it experimental like a new wave film, its fun to show a narrative with a different perspective. 

Q3) Which song would you prefer to see as a music video and why? (Bastille, Laughter Lines, Twenty-one Pilots, Trees and Fun, Stars) 

Pp 6) I think Bastille Laughter lines would be fun to see as a music video as they lyrics are quite deep and will be cool to see an emotional video to match.  

Pp 2) And Bastille’s music videos often show the artists mixed into the narrative helping to show the emotion. 

Pp 1) I would like to see Trees as a music video because although the lyrics are deep the rhythm is upbeat its contradicting and fun to read into. 

Pp 3) I also like Bastilles Laughter Lines because their music videos often have a loose meaning so we can decide for ourselves what it means. 

Pp 4) I think that Stars by Fun would be interesting as it would be easy to follow the story told in the lyrics. 

Pp 5) I would also prefer to see Bastille’s Laughter Lines; this is because the basis of a story has already been started through the lyrics and the use of viollins etc. creates an emotional feeling. 

Q4) Which song gives a deeper meaning to you and why? 

Pp 1) Again it would be Trees as to me the story is about social anxiety, Saying I can feel you is kind of like thinking in your own mind 

Pp 2) I still would say Bastille Laughter Lines because the story is about growing old that everyone can relate to and tells the story if growing old in a graceful way.

Pp 3) I also agree, its relatable to everyone.

Pp 4) Although I prefer Laughter Lines but I feel that its deeper as it might actually be about someone who won’t grow old but instead will watch others while they remain young. 

Pp 5) Again I agree with Laughter lines because to me it’s about two people, either friends a couple or something else falling apart and seeing each other in the future and falling back together and being closer than ever. 

Pp 6) I hate to be repetitive but it would also be Bastille’s song for me, I also think it’s about someone growing old gracefully and puts forth the idea that age isn’t a bad thing and that gaining your laughter Lines shouldn’t be viewed as a bad thing but something to be cherished. 

Q5) Is there anything you would like to add to the mood boards

Pp 1) I think that for trees it should have more pictures of someone in a crowded room but also being isolated, or the feeling that they can’t breathe. 

Pp 2) I think for trees it should be more black and white to add a more gloomy feel to it. 

Pp 5) For Stars I would add more of a feeling of two binary opposite characters to really show a difference between their feelings. 

Pp 3) Again no, I feel that the one for Laughter Lines fits almost perfectly into the feel of the song. 

Pp 4) No I think they all represent the feelings that I get from listening to the songs. 

Pp 6) I wouldn’t change anything but I feel that the idea of the close up of the young eyes and the ‘old’ eyes is good and matches the lyrics. 


Findings. 

From looking at the first question asked I can tell that majority of people would prefer indie pop over pop music as it feels more like 80s music which seems to be popular. Also, as one participant described it has something for everyone as it combines two genres therefore it’s better for a mass audience as more people can find something they enjoy about the music rather than not liking it because it only conforms to one genre.

When looking at the findings from question 2 I found that the target audience would prefer a narrative or experimental music video over a performance, although one said they would like to see the artists they also said it doesn’t mean they have to be doing a performance, they could be incorporated into the narrative of which happens in many Bastille’s music videos. When creating my own music video, I will try to incorporate a narrative but do it in an experimental way as one participant said they would like to see this. 

I can also tell that more people would prefer to see Bastille’s Laughter Lines turned into a music video. This is because the participants said it had a deeper feeling and has a very emotional feeling to it. Another suggested that it would be easier as the initial idea for a narrative to match has already been created through the lyrics therefore making production easier. They also said that they would prefer it because of the instruments used such as the violins creating an emotional feel. This means that when creating my own music video I will use the song Laughter Lines as it’s the more popular option by the target audience. 

When looking at the findings from question 4 I can tell that it’s easy for everyone to gain their own meaning from the lyrics but it seems that Bastille’s Laughter Lines is more relatable to a wider range of audiences. Audiences can apply their own story to the song/ music video. Therefore, when creating my own music video for Bastille’s Laughter Lines I will try to make a lose meaning so that everyone can continue to add their own meaning to it and therefore allow them to gain the gratification from personal identity as everyone can relate to it. 


Finally when examining the responses to question 5 I can see that the participants wouldn’t add anything else to the mood board for Bastille Laughter Lines therefore when creating my own music video for the song I will continue to use the mood board for inspiration and ideas for cinematography. I can also tell that if by chance I do end up using Twenty-one Pilots, Trees for my music video I will try to encode a more gloomy feel to it as this seems to be what the target audience would prefer to see. And for Fun’s Stars I will try to make sure to include two binary opposite characters to help develop the narrative. 


Evaluation.

One positive of my focus group is that I was able to ask questions directly to my target audience which was 18 – 25-year olds. This means that the predictive validity of my focus group is improved as it suggests that if the same focus group is conducted again with different participants of the same age the results will be similar. This is a positive because it means that the results I collected are more accurate and therefore inform the making of my music video more. This also improved the face validity of the focus groups because by asking people in the target age range helps to test what I originally aimed to test by asking for opinions from the target audience. 

However a negative of my focus group is that I was only able to conduct one focus group instead of doing it multiple times with different participants. This is a negative because it means that I wasn’t able to gain a wider opinion from the target audience which could have helped improve my music video by adding more ideas. This means that the test-retest reliability is heavily reduced as I was unable to get constant results and opinions between different groups. 

Another positive of my focus group is the types of questions I was able to ask the participants in particular the question ‘Which song gives a deeper meaning to you and why?’. This question was a positive as it meant that I was able to understand what meaning the target audience gains from their preferred song. The answers given will also help when trying to construct a narrative for my music video. By asking questions like this I was able to improve the content related validity and the questions were appropriate and related to what I initially planned to find out by discussing ideas for music videos. 

A final problem of my focus group was that due to limited time with my focus group I wasn’t able to ask a lot of questions and only managed to ask five questions. This is a negative because its means that I wasn’t able to get a full insight into what my target audience wants from a music video therefore not gaining a full understanding of what would be preferred which may reduce the quality of my own production. If I was to conduct this focus group again I would make sure that I have a longer amount of time in order to ask more questions to better inform the making of my music video as well as gaining a wider range of ideas I could implement into my own production. 



Overall I feel that although I wasn’t able to ask more questions my focus group was still effective in helping influence the decision making of my music video. I was able to get informed instant responses from my target audience. It also meant that I was able to get high amounts of qualitative date meaning that I had more detailed responses then ones produced from a questionnaire.

Monday, March 18, 2019

Final music video, Bastille, Laughter Lines and evaluation.

Final music video, Bastille, Laughter Lines




Evaluation.

For my final music video I ended up creating a narrative and experimental music video for the song Laughter Lines by Bastille, unfortunately I ended up relying on my back up plan therefore when creating the music video I decided to take the lyrics almost literally by either amplifying or illustrating the lyrics to follow the story that is already being told through the lyrics. By following Andrew Goodwin’s theory of either amplifying or illustrating the lyrics meant that it was easy to produce the music video and follow the story literally. By doing this it meant that I was able show a clear relationship between the lyrics and the visuals.

An example of where I was able to amplify the music was at the very start of the music video where a close up shows someone winding up a music box, this amplifies the music as it help to stress the music to the audience. 
As well as this an example of where I was able to illustrate the lyrics was when the lyrics say ‘the tree they cut down’ which is sung while a mid-shot of a cut down tree is shown in the visuals. This illustrates the lyrics as it shows exactly what the lyrics are saying meaning that the audience can watch the music video without actively trying to work out the relationship between the lyrics and the visuals. 


Unfortunately due to my dancer being unable to make filming I had to fall onto my back up plan. Due to the fact I had already created a backup plan in case my original plan didn’t work out it meant that I could easily change the direction I was taking and easily complete production with ease as everything that I needed to complete had already been planned out making it easy to follow. This was a positive as it meant that I could complete the music video with the right amount of time and make sure that I could compete the work effectively as I already had a plan to follow step by step. 

Another thing that worked well in my production stage was the fact that I was able to experiment with shots during the production stage. An example of this is where I was able to aim the camera at the mirror in order to show the pinky promise in the reflection of the mirror. I feel that this was effective as I was able to constantly reinforce this idea as it was taken from my mood board without constantly using a close up of a pinky promise. 

I feel that one thing that worked well for my music video was having a yellow colour overlay for the flashback/memory scenes and a blue overlay on the scene set in the present. I feel that this worked as its helped me to encode the right feelings into the scenes that I would like the audience to feel. Yellow has strong connotations of happiness and positivity and using this on the flashback/memory scenes helped me to portray how the past was a happier time for the protagonists.

 As well as this the colour blue has strong connotations of isolation and sadness of which the remaining protagonist feels now the other protagonist is no longer around in the present and having the blue overlay helped to encode this feeling.  I feel having these overlays were effective as it can help the audience to tell the difference and help them to follow the narrative more easily and more passively. 


However, I feel that a wider range of shot types could have been used in the making of my music video especially in the scene with the two protagonists in the field. I feel that this could have included more mid shots and close ups instead of one continuous long shot. I feel that by adding more shot types into this scene would have been more effective as it would have allowed the audience to feel closer to the characters and decode more of the feelings as they would have better been able to see the facial expressions of the protagonists. I also feel that this would have been more effective as it would have allowed the audience to engage more with the music video if they could have gained the gratification of personal identity from the protagonists and therefore feel more involved in the music video. 
Another way I could have added in more shot types would be my adding more footage or added extra scenes. This would have improved my music video as it would have meant that I didn’t have to keep re-using shots and could have evolved narrative into more detail but due to set backs I was unable to complete this. 

Another thing I feel was effective in the music video was the panning long shot of the remaining protagonist walking past the tree with the blue overlay followed by the shot reversing to fading to him not being there with camera to pan back to show the figure of the girl standing by the tree. I feel that this is effective as it may answer the enigma of what happened. It allows the audience to understand that for whatever reason she is no longer around and may be perceived as a ‘ghost’ for instance. This may also lead to the audience to gaining the gratification of social integration as they may discuss what happened to the girl and or why and try to answer the final enigma of what actually happened for her to not be there anymore. 











Something that I feel that let my music video down was the mid shot of the protagonist walking up and the other protagonists hand reaching out to him even though she isn’t actually there. Although the scene was effective in showing to the audience that the girl is no longer there for whatever reason and may be perceived as a ‘ghost’ I feel that the editing could have worked a lot smoother. This is because when the colour overlay first changes from blue to yellow when the hand reaches in it blends so far then suddenly jumps to the yellow overlay. Although there is still a fade when this first starts I feel that it could have been edited more smoothly like when the colour overlay fades back to blue. 
        *Sudden change from this to



Overall I feel that my music video was effective in showing a narrative as well as applying parts of Andrew Goodwin’s and Carol Vernallis’ theories (genre, editing etc.). Even though I had to end up resorting to my back up plan as the original plan that included a dance sequence feel through I feel I was still able to produce an effective music video in a smaller amount of time even if it wasn’t my first original idea. I also feel that the music video was effective in its ending of the final protagonist closing the box of ‘memories’ in order to signify the end of the story or to signify the end of an era in that characters life. I feel that it was an effective way of wrapping up the music video and ending it. 

Saturday, March 16, 2019

Experimental editing pt 3

Experimental editing pt 3

Aims
  • Practice for editing to the beat. 
  • Practice in seeing how to create an effect to show a difference between the past (when both characters existed) and the present (only one characters exist) by making the past look more dream like. 
  • Experiment with editing to the ideal timings. 
  • Focus on dream like effect on flashbacks / memories. 


Evaluation

When experimenting in editing to create a dream like effect I felt that adding a slight vignette effect helped in adding to this sense of feeling I am trying to encode into this sequence. Therefore when it comes to making my final music video I will add this effect to the shots I want to portray as flashbacks or memories to reinforce to the audience what they feelings are.

I also feel that adding then lens flare effect also added to the sense of being dream like and almost unreal, this is because in traditional film making lens flare isn't often used as it takes away the feelings of verisimilitude but adding this to make a dream like effect works as its not 'real like' its an idealised flashback.

However when it comes to my final music video I will try and add either a pink or yellow overlay to either connote feelings of love for pink or feelings of happiness and positivity for yellow in the flashback scenes as these are the feeling I am hoping to encode to these sequences. 

Friday, March 15, 2019

Experimental editing pt 2

Experimental editing pt 2

Aims
  • Practice for editing to the beat. 
  • Practice in seeing how to create an effect to show a difference between the past (when both characters existed) and the present (only one characters exist) by making the past look more dream like. 
  • Experiment with editing to the ideal timings. 
  • focus on reverse effect to show character stood by tree. 



Evaluation. 

I feel that reversing the clip being shown to show the figure of the girl works effectively in showing to the audience why there is a difference between the past flashbacks ' memories to the present as they can understand that she is actually no longer there and is just a 'ghost' per say. I feel that this along with the blue overlay helps to connote to the audience that the character is feeling a sense of loss in his life and that's why all of the things happening in the present seem so dull and sad. When making my final music video I will try to use this technique at the end to help answer any enigmas that may have been produced during the music video and help encode to feeling of sadness into the music video. 

However when trying the blend the clip of the boy walking in reverse to the clip of the figure standing by the tree I feel that this could have been done more effectively through a smoother transition to really emphasise that she was stood there even if the boy couldn't see her. When trying to implement this into my final music video I will work on adding a smoother transition in order to help the two clips blend together easily and help the audience to follow the story. 

Thursday, March 14, 2019

Experimental editing part 1

Experimental editing part 1

Aims

  • Practice for editing to the beat. 
  • Practice in seeing how to create an effect to show a difference between the past (when both characters existed) and the present (only one characters exist) by making the past look more dream like. 
  • Experiment with editing to the ideal timings. 


Evaluation 



When looking at the final product of the first experimental editing process I can tell that turning up the brightness and contrast of the ‘Flashback’ memories helped in making these scenes look more dream-like. Along with this the brightness helping to show the high key lighting really helped emphasised that these are positive scene and happy memories to look back on therefore when creating my final music video I will use this technique to emphasise that these are happy memories or flashbacks. 

Another thing that I feel worked well in this experiment was using the blue overlay over the scene based in the ‘present’, I feel this worked as the colour blue has strong connotations of sadness and isolation and this helped to emphasise the sadness of the character seemingly left behind. The blue overlay also helped signify feelings of dullness that the character now feels. When making my final music video I will try to use this as I feel it was effective in connotating the right feelings of emotion. 

However, one part of this experiment that I feel wasn’t effective was the use of the blurriness on the ‘flashbacks’ / memories as it wasn’t completely effective in creating a dream like effect. When I complete another experiment or my final music video I will try to only blur around the edges to help emphasise the dream like feeling I was trying to connote. 

How to construct a music video

Contingency planning, Bastille, Laughter Lines pt2 plan and edit decision list.

Contingency planning, Bastille, Laughter Lines pt2 plan. 

Mood Board






















Equipment 

·     DSLR camera
·     Tripod
·     iPhone – extra shots 
·     Props e.g. photos, concert tickets etc. 

Ideal shots
·     Long shots of nature
·     Close up of ‘memories’ being packed away 
·     Close up of eyes (laughter lines)
·     Close ups of hands , trees
·     Tracking shots of friend walking alone 

Edit decision list.

0.0    – 0.06 – close up winding up music box
0.07 – 0.13 – tracking shot walking 
0.14- 0.19 – close up of bastille ticket
0.20 – 0.26 – long shot out of car window 
0.27 – 0.33 – tracking shots of walking 
0.34 – 0.39 – mid shot of tree 
0.40 – 0.45 - close up of hands on tree 
0.46 – 0.42 – time lapse of cars in city 
0.43 – 0.59 – long shot of people in field 
1.00 – 1.06 – tracking shot walking past the tree 
1.07 – 1.14 – pan of ‘memories’ 
1.15 – 1.20 – close up of pinkie promise 
1.21 – 1.27 – close up of eyes 
1.27 – 1.33 – long shots driving in car, close up of pink roses
1.34 – 1.37 – close up of hands 
1.38 – 1.41 – close up of girls face smiling 
1.42 – 1.46 – picking up music box 
1.47 – 1.54 – Close up putting down photos 
1.55 – 2.00 - tracking shot walking / looking back to tree 
2.01 – 2.05 – close up packing ‘memories’ away
2.06 – 2.08 – shot out of car window
2.09- 2.15 – close up of pinkie promise 
2.15 – 2.20 – close up of eye
2.21 – 2.28 – long shot in field 
2.29 – 2.35 – close up of trees 
2.36 – 2.49 – mid shot of character walking up and hand reaching out 
2.50 – 2.57 – close up of pink rose on tree trunk 
2.58 0 3.02 – close up of eyes 
3.03 – 3.16 long shot on field 
3.17 – 3.29 – reverse from walking past tree to character stood by tree 
3.30 – 4.08 – finish looking / packing away ‘memories’